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"The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll" is a topical song written by the American musician Bob Dylan. Recorded on October 23, 1963, the song was released on Dylan's 1964 album, ''The Times They Are a-Changin''' and gives a generally factual account of the killing of a 51-year-old African-American barmaid, Hattie Carroll, by William Devereux "Billy" Zantzinger (whom the song calls "William Zanzinger"), a young man from a wealthy white tobacco farming family in Charles County, Maryland, who had turned 24 the day before, and of his subsequent sentence to six months in a county jail, after being convicted of assault. The lyrics are a commentary on 1960s racism. When Carroll was killed in 1963, Charles County was still strictly segregated by race in public facilities such as restaurants, churches, theaters, doctor's offices, buses, and the county fair. The schools of Charles County were not integrated until 1967.〔(''A Regular Old Southern Maryland Boy'' ), by Peter Carlson ''The Washington Post'', August 4, 1991.〕 ==Killing== The main incident of the song took place in the early hours of February 9, 1963, at the white tie Spinsters' Ball at the Emerson Hotel in Baltimore. Using a toy cane, Zantzinger drunkenly assaulted at least three of the Emerson Hotel workers: a bellboy, a waitress, and — at about 1:30 in the morning of the 9th — Carroll, a 51 year old barmaid. Carroll "had borne 10 children" and was president of a black social club.〔(Profile ), motherjones.com, November 2004; accessed December 14, 2014.〕〔Douglas Martin, ("W.D. Zantzinger, Subject of Dylan Song, Dies at 69" ), ''New York Times'' January 9, 2009.〕〔''The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll'', BBC Radio Four, May 17, 2010, presented by Dylan biographer Howard Sounes — in this programme a neighbour of Carroll from northwest Baltimore says she was the mother of eight children, not eleven, although it is possible that only eight were alive at the time of their mother's death.〕 Already drunk before he got to the Emerson Hotel that night, the 6'2" Zantzinger〔 had assaulted employees at Eager House, a prestigious Baltimore restaurant, with the same cane.〔(The Spinsters' Ball ), ''Time Magazine'', February 22, 1963.〕 The cane was a 25-cent toy.〔 At the Spinsters' Ball, he called a 30-year-old waitress a "nigger" and hit her with the cane; she fled the room in tears.〔 Moments later, after ordering a bourbon that Carroll didn't bring immediately, Zantzinger cursed her, called her a "nigger",〔 then "you black son of a bitch", and struck her on the shoulder and across the head with the cane. In the words of the court notes: "He asked for a drink and called her 'a black bitch', and 'black s.o.b'. She replied, 'Just a moment' and started to prepare his drink. After a delay of perhaps a minute, he complained about her being slow and struck her a hard blow on her shoulder about half-way between the point of her shoulder and her neck." She handed him his drink.〔''The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll'', presented by Howard Sounes, BBC Radio 4, May 2010〕 After striking Carroll, he attacked his own wife, knocking her to the ground〔 and hitting her with his shoe.〔 Very soon, within five minutes from the time of the blow, Carroll leaned heavily against the barmaid next to her and complained of feeling ill. Carroll told co-workers, ''"I feel deathly ill, that man has upset me so."'' The barmaid and another employee helped Carroll to the kitchen. Her arm became numb, her speech thick. She collapsed and was hospitalized. Carroll died eight hours after the assault.〔 Her autopsy showed hardened arteries, an enlarged heart, and high blood pressure. A spinal tap confirmed brain hemorrhage as the cause of death. She died in Mercy Hospital at 9 a.m. on February 9, 1963. Zantzinger was initially charged with murder. His defense was that he had been extremely drunk,〔 and he admitted to having no memory of the attack. His charge was reduced to manslaughter and assault, based on the likelihood that it was her stress reaction to his verbal and physical abuse that led to the intracranial bleeding, rather than blunt-force trauma from the blow that left no lasting mark. On August 28, Zantzinger was convicted of both charges and sentenced to six months' imprisonment. ''Time'' magazine covered the sentencing: After the sentence was announced, the ''New York Herald Tribune'' conjectured he was given a sentence that short to keep him out of the largely black state prison, reasoning his notoriety would make him a target for abuse there. In the United States, sentences over a year are generally served in a state prison; sentences under a year are usually served in a county jail or city lockup. Zantzinger instead served his time in the comparative safety of the Washington County county jail, some from the scene of the crime. In September, the ''Herald Tribune'' quoted Zantzinger on his sentence: ''"I'll just miss a lot of snow."'' His then-wife, Jane, was quoted saying, ''"Nobody treats his negroes as well as Billy does around here."''〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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